The Venetian Walls of Heraklion are an important reminder of Crete’s Venetian rule. These large stone fortifications, which still encircle much of the city’s historic centre, are considered some of the best-preserved Renaissance-era walls in the Mediterranean.
In this guide, we’ll explore the fascinating history behind the Venetian Walls of Heraklion, highlight key points you shouldn’t miss, and share tips on how to get there and when to visit. We’ll also share other nearby attractions worth exploring and get recommendations on where to stay through Oreo Travel to make the most of your visit.
History of the Venetian Walls of Heraklion
The Venetian Walls of Heraklion are impressive examples of Renaissance military architecture in Europe. They were built in 1462, when the Venetians, who had taken control of Crete in 1212, decided to upgrade the city’s defence systems. These new fortifications were built over earlier Byzantine and Arab walls. Designed by the military engineers Michele Sanmicheli and Giulio Savorgnan, the walls were great examples of advanced architecture and design. They featured a triangular bastion system, deep protective ditches, and a perimeter roughly 4.5 km around. The layout included seven bastions and multiple city gates, strategically engineered to withstand cannon fire and sieges.
These fortifications were put to the test during the Siege of Candia (1648–1669), when the Ottoman Empire launched a relentless attack on the city. The siege lasted 21 years, and remains one of the longest in recorded military history. Heraklion eventually fell to the Ottomans in 1669.
Under Ottoman rule, the walls were maintained but gradually lost their military importance. During World War II, parts of the structure were damaged by bombings. In recent decades, the city has undergone restoration and preservation efforts. Today, the Venetian Walls are a popular walking route for visitors and locals, with stunning views over the city and the sea.
Key Points That You Cannot Miss
As you walk along the Venetian Walls of Heraklion, you will begin to notice how impressive this fortress is. Scattered along the 4.5 km-long fortification are key spots that we think highlight the walls’ historic and architectural significance.
The Seven Bastions
The wall system has seven massive bastions that work for defensive surveillance. They include:
- St. Andrew Bastion(Agios Andreas)
- Pantocrator Bastion
- Bethlehem Bastion (home to the tomb of celebrated writer Nikos Kazantzakis)
- Martinengo Bastion (the highest point, offering stunning panoramic views)
- Jesus Bastion
- Vitturi Bastion
- Sampionara Bastion
Each bastion was strategically placed to cover blind spots and provide overlapping fields to protect it from attacks.
City Gates
Of the original four military gates, only two remain well-preserved today. The Chania Gate (Kenourgia Porta), once connecting Heraklion with the city of Chania and the New Gate, which is currently used as a cultural event centre.
Koules Fortress
Found at the entrance of the Old Port, the Koules Fortress was built between 1523 and 1540 to defend Heraklion from sea attacks. This two-level structure is open to visitors, where you can see cannons and a rooftop terrace with views of the Aegean Sea. Inside, you’ll find exhibitions on the fortress’s history.
City and Sea Views
The top of the walls functions as a public promenade, with one of the best views over Heraklion and the harbour.
How to get there and tips for your visit
The Venetian Walls of Heraklion create a ring around the city’s Old Town. This makes it easy to reach on foot from virtually anywhere in the city centre. If you’re arriving by ferry or visiting the Old Port area near Koules Fortress, it’s just a 10–15 minute walk uphill to access the nearest section of the walls.
From Heraklion Airport, the city centre is a short 10-minute taxi ride or a 20-minute public bus ride. The walls are often explored alongside the Koules Fortress, the Heraklion Archaeological Museum, and the Venetian Loggia, all within walking distance.
When visiting, it’s best to wear comfortable walking shoes, as parts of the wall have uneven or sloping stone surfaces. The open walkways provide limited shade, so bring sun protection, especially if you’re visiting in the summer. If you plan to visit Koules Fortress, be sure to check opening hours in advance, as they may vary seasonally.
What else to see and visit nearby
While exploring the Venetian Walls, don’t miss the nearby Heraklion Archaeological Museum, home to iconic Minoan artefacts like the Phaistos Disc and Bull’s Head Rhyton. Just steps away, the Koules Fortress with rooftop views and historical exhibits. Stroll through the Old Town to see the Venetian Loggia, Morosini Fountain, and charming local shops and cafés. For day trips, you can take the bus to see the ancient Palace of Knossos.
The best time to visit the Venetian Walls of Heraklion
The best time to visit the Venetian Walls of Heraklion is during the shoulder seasons, from April to May and October to November. This is when the weather is mild, crowds are smaller, and prices are more reasonable. Summer offers longer days and extended hours, but can be very hot and busy. Winter is cooler with occasional rain, but it’s a more peaceful time to explore the city without the tourist rush.
Come and discover the Venetian Walls of Heraklion
The Venetian Walls of Heraklion are more than just historic ruins; they are part of the city.
When visiting Crete, make sure to book your stay with Oreo Travel. With a curated selection of comfortable and well-located accommodations in Herklion, you are steps away from the city’s most iconic landmarks.
Explore Heraklion’s history by day, and relax in style by night with Oreo Travel.