Rising over western Crete, the White Mountains Forest Preserve, locally known as Lefka Ori, are one of Greece’s most beautiful natural landscapes.
This range has more than 50 peaks over 2,000 meters, full of deep gorges, rare wildlife, and breathtaking views of both the Aegean and Libyan Seas. The area is part of a protected forest preserve and NATURA 2000 site, making it a must-visit place for hikers, nature lovers, and anyone looking to experience the diversity of Crete’s map.
In this article, we’ll first look at where the White Mountains are located before moving on to the key features that make the forest preserve so remarkable. We’ll highlight some of the best hiking trails, then we’ll explore the unique wildlife and landscapes you can find along the way. To help you plan, we’ll also share practical tips for the perfect holiday!
Where are the White Mountains located?
The White Mountains stretch across the Chania region in western Crete. It covers a huge part of the island’s interior. Their Greek name, Lefka Ori, translates to “White Mountains,” due to the snow that can be seen on their peaks until late spring.
Some key facts
- Highest peak: Pachnes at 2,453 m, making it the second-highest peak in Crete after Mount Ida.
- Extent: Over 50 peaks exceed 2,000 m, creating a dramatic alpine environment.
- Plateaus: Omalos, Anopoli, Askyfou, and Niato are gateways to trails and mountain life.
- Access: The range lies just 40 km from Chania, making it an easy day trip but also worth several days of exploration.
The White Mountains Forest Preserve
The White Mountains Forest Preserve Crete has one of the most diverse landscapes in the Mediterranean. Its terrain is a mix of peaks, high-altitude deserts, caves, ravines, and deep gorges.
The “mountain desert”, which is above 1,800 meters, is made up of a barren limestone plateau filled with sinkholes and dolines. This is one of Europe’s only alpine deserts. In addition, more than 30 gorges cut through the range, the most famous being the Samaria Gorge.
Under the mountain range is just as fascinating as its peaks, with caves such as Gourgouthakas that are more than 1,200 meters deep.
The preserve supports around 650 plant species, many found only on Crete, including the rare Zelkova abelicea and high-altitude flowers like Bupleurum kakiskalae. On the lower slopes, you will find pine, cypress, and oak forests, while alpine blooms can be found higher up.
Wildlife also thrives here, with 32 mammal species, 200 bird species, and numerous reptiles and amphibians living on the mountain range.
What are the recommended hiking trails in the White Mountains?
Hiking is the best way to discover the White Mountains forest preserve, and luckily, there are plenty of trails that are family-friendly for full-day adventures.
Here are our top picks of trails that you should consider:
1. Samaria Gorge
- The Samaria Gorge is Crete’s most famous hiking route, stretching 13–18 kilometres and taking between 4 and 7 hours to complete. Rated as moderate to strenuous, this trail descends through cliffs and narrow passages like the famous “Iron Gates,”.
2. Imbros Gorge
- For a shorter and more accessible alternative, the Imbros Gorge is ideal. Covering 8–11 kilometres in about 2–3 hours, it’s an easy-to-moderate hike that’s perfect for families.
3. Pachnes Summit
- Reaching the summit of Pachnes, Crete’s second-highest peak at 2,453 meters, is a rewarding challenge for experienced hikers. Depending on your starting point, this full-day strenuous hike requires good preparation and stamina. This trail offers one of the most breathtaking vantage points in all of Greece.
4. Aradena Gorge
- The Aradena Gorge is a more remote and adventurous hike, taking about 5–6 hours to complete. The trail has a suspension bridge and connects to the historic village of Anopolis.
5. Agia Irini Gorge
- If you want a quieter alternative to Samaria, the Agia Irini Gorge is a fantastic option. The trail covers about 10 kilometres and takes 3–4 hours, with a moderate level of difficulty. Surrounded by vegetation and steep canyon walls, it’s a peaceful way to experience Crete’s natural beauty while avoiding the busier routes.
Advice for visiting the White Mountains Forest Preserve Crete
You must prepare in advance for visiting the White Mountains Forest Preserve. Here’s how to make the most of your trip:
- The best time to visit is spring or autumn, while summer is hot and winter brings snow that closes trails. The Samaria National Park has an entrance fee of €10 per person and is open from May to October, so plan your visit accordingly.
- We recommended purchasing tickets ahead of time from the official website.
- Always stick to marked trails to protect the fragile environment, stay alert for falling rocks in the gorges, and be prepared for sudden weather changes at higher altitudes.
- Respect the local wildlife by observing without feeding or disturbing them.
- The closest city is Chania, about 40 km away, with main access points at the Omalos Plateau for Samaria Gorge, Imbros village for the Imbros Gorge, and Anopolis for Pachnes.
- For accommodation, stay in Chania with Oreo Travel for convenience and expert local guidance.
Gear checklist
- Hiking boots with a good grip
- Sun protection: hat, sunscreen, sunglasses
- Water (at least 1.5–2 litres per person) and snacks
- Layered clothing (temperatures change quickly)
- Map or GPS, trekking poles if preferred
- First-aid kit
Explore the White Mountains for a memorable holiday
The White Mountains Forest Preserve is more than a hiking destination. From the challenge of crossing Samaria Gorge to spotting rare vultures circling above limestone cliffs, the experience is unforgettable.
If you’re planning a trip to Crete, exploring the White Mountains Forest Preserve is a must. Oreo Travel offers carefully selected accommodations in Chania and other nearby villages.
Whether you’re looking for a family-friendly base, a romantic villa, or a hiker’s retreat, Oreo Travel can help you find the perfect spot to rest after your mountain adventures.
